Diabetes mellitus type 2, or type 2 diabetes (abbreviated DM), is one type of diabetes. In DM, a problem with insulin prevents body cells from using sugar (glucose) in food. Insulin is a chemical made by the pancreas. Insulin helps sugar enter body cells, which use the sugar for energy. DM involves poor responses of cells to insulin (insulin resistance) in type 2 DM, lack of insulin in type 1 DM, and too much sugar in the blood (hyperglycemia) in both types of DM. People of any age can have DM. Type 2 DM occurs more often in overweight adults,...

This form is called an “Informed Consent Form”. It is your doctor’s obligation to provide you with the information you need in order to decide whether to consent to the surgery or special procedure that your doctors have recommended. The purpose of this form is to verify that you have received this information and have given your consent to the surgery or special procedure recommended to you.You should read this form carefully and ask questions of your doctors so that you understand the operation or procedure before you decide whether or not to give your consent. If you have questions,...

Biting insects include ants, fl eas, fl ies, no-see-ums (fl ies called midges), and mosquitoes. Stinging insects include bees, wasps, and hornets. These insects are usually a nuisance, but some people are may have allergic responses to bites or stings. Some insects pass diseases to people. The group called arthropods that includes insects also includes arachnids—spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. The main poisonous spiders in the United States are the brown recluse, black widow, tarantula, and hobo. Most spider bites are uncomfortable but heal without problems....

A CT scan (or CAT scan) is a kind of X-ray that makes a set of pictures of a part of your body. It is a painless way for your doctor to see inside your body....

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder resulting from a decreased amount or action of a hormone that helps regulate water balance. This hormone is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. The pituitary gland controls flow of ADH into the bloodstream. ADH helps kidneys keep the body’s water balance normal. The two main types of diabetes insipidus are central and nephrogenic. The central type is caused by lower ADH production. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ADH production is normal or increased, but kidneys don’t respond normally to the hormone....

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (or just diabetes) is a lifelong disorder that prevents the body from getting energy from food. The body doesn’t make enough insulin, a hormone produced by special beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is vital because it controls the amount of sugar (glucose) that body cells get from the blood. People with diabetes have too much sugar in the blood, and not enough sugar getting into body cells. Slightly more men than women have diabetes. It often starts at ages 12 to 15 years, with most cases diagnosed before age 30. More than 300,000 people in...

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) , or type 2 diabetes, is one kind of diabetes. A problem with the action of insulin prevents body cells from using sugar (glucose) in food. Insulin helps sugar enter body cells, which use the sugar for energy. The pancreas makes the hormone insulin. DM involves poor responses of cells to insulin (insulin resistance), not enough insulin, and too much sugar in the blood (hyperglycemia). More teens today are getting DM, probably because they eat in excess and don’t exercise enough. These lead to more insulin resistance. The only way to prevent DM in teens...

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure. It is used to diagnose and treat diseases inside the belly ( abdomen). It is usually a brief, common, and relatively simple procedure. The laparoscopeis a thin, lighted, pencil-sized instrument. It is like a telescope. It is inserted into your abdomen through a small cut ( incision). Your caregiver can look at the organs inside your body through this instrument. He or she can see if there is anything abnormal. Laparoscopy can be done either in a hospital or outpatient clinic. You may be given a mild sedative to help you relax before the procedure....

Dietary fiber, also called roughage or bulk, is the part of plant foods that the body cannot digest or absorb. It passes unchanged through the stomach and small intestine and into the colon. The two kinds of fiber are those that don’t dissolve in water (insoluble) and those that do (soluble). Insoluble fiber helps material move through the digestive system and increases the size of stools (bowel movements). It’s good for people with constipation or irregular stools. Soluble fiber dissolves in water to become a gel-like material. It can help lower blood cholesterol and sugar (glucose) levels....

I am signing this paper to show that I am leaving this hospital or health care center of my own free will. It is done against all medical advice. In doing so, I am releasing this hospital or health care center and the attending physicians from any and all claims that I may want to make. I understand that further care has been recommended. My condition may worsen. This could cause me further bodily injury, illness, or even death. I do know that the medical staff has fully explained to me the risk that I am taking in leaving against...

A doctor specialized in giving anesthesia ( anesthesiologist) or a nurse specialized in giving anesthesia ( nurse anesthetist) gives medicine that makes you sleep while a procedure is performed ( general anesthetic). Once the general anesthetic has been administered, you will be in a sleeplike state in which you feel no pain. After having a general anesthetic you may feel Dizzy, Weak, Drowsy and Confused. These feelings are normal and can be expected to last for up to 24 hours after the procedure is completed....

Genetic counseling helps people look at the risks of genetic problems in pregnancy. Genetic problems are problems that may be passed from the mother and father to their child. Genetic counseling is done: 1) To see if a couple is at risk of passing on a problem. 2) To explain the cause of a disorder if present. 3) To understand the odds passing it on to the baby. 4) To determine what can be done medically. 5) To use in family planning to prevent or avoid a problem. Genetic counseling can be done by: 1) A geneticist. 2) A physician...